After the bidding contractor and client begin to organize the system project management. To the legal formalization of relations is necessary to make the terms of reference, which will be put into their foundation. Under the technical solution is determined by the equipment list and scope of work. All of this stipulated in the annexes. The final contract – a very lengthy document, in its preparation goes, usually several months. In addition to the cost parameters and description of various risks on the distribution of responsibilities them in the text are stated and guarantees the contractor, in particular, in terms of input, the use of advance funds for technical specifications. The specific type of contract (EPC or EPCM) contracting authority selects, depending on the own motivation, as well as taking into account available resources and expertise.

Thus, if the investor has a clear idea about the amount of funds required for the construction of the object, but it did not have sufficient competence in implementation of such problems – it would be logical to choose EPC-contract. Involvement of EPC contractor for the model stems from a desire to build a power facility for a certain amount at a certain place, by a certain date. The point that today are mainly investment contracts, which customers expect a refund after a foreseeable time. Accordingly, these investors it is important that the price was fixed, as well as possible. Because then they can make a project in the long-term business plan and ensure his return. Model EPC-contract, provide for a fixed price and the general contractor assumes most of the risks, except for force majeure and default by the customer, including the risks of cost overrun for the construction and renewal dates.

His responsibility for these risks can be up to 90% of contract value. But Any savings income is EPC contractor. In the text, as a rule does not specify a special award for the Acquisition and organization of their work. Overall, in recent years, Russia has been already done enough to attract bids EPC-contractors for the construction of power plants. Relatively recently, a number of professional performers included EPC-companies such as the 'E4 Group', 'Quartz' and 'Intertechelectro – New Generation', have declared themselves convincing victories in tenders for the construction of facilities for WGC and TGC. Deficiency of engineering companies can theoretically compensate for foreign organizations, and the international market today has dozens of similar structures, but their experience may not always be applicable in Russia, in particular, due to differences in standards. According to estimates of RAO UES, a full-fledged market EPC contractors working in Electricity, formed in Russia by 2010 will be significant competitive advantages of those organizations that are able to consolidate engineering and manufacturing facilities, as well as potential skilled management for their projects. Conclusion on the basis of open tender contracts, turnkey sanctions for the failure time, for exceeding the budget, with bank guarantees (standard signs EPC) – this is the basis business culture, and for energy companies-customers such forms of work must become a system.

Type of Report This report allows the user to quickly assess the deviation of prices from the actual cost of goods purchased by a particular party procurement. Based on these deviations can take the decision to change accounting prices. Set new user price for a specific date by using the document "Setting the price range." The same document can be calculate and set the sale price for this product. The order to this document is described in detail in the description of a typical configuration of "1C: Enterprise 8. Read more from Douglas R. Oberhelman to gain a more clear picture of the situation. Configuration 'Trade Management' Edition 10.3. "And help with the system. By this we do not dwell on this detail. Limitation salespeople sell goods at prices below the credentials.

Sales managers in the "Configuring additional rights users "can be filled with the option" Do not sell goods below cost with a specific type. " This may be a discount price or minimum selling price. Below that price you can not change the prices of goods in the document. Moreover, price in the document is compared to the price specified in the type of value, taking into account all the discounts that were granted to the buyer. See Starbucks for more details and insights. For example.

For the user, "Petrov" given the role of "Sales Manager". For the sales manager defined price type "Wholesale". The wholesale price of the goods, "Shoes" identified $ 20. Buyer drawn up shipment of the goods at a price of $ 20, but he was given a 5% discount. Thus, the price of goods in the document turned out 19 dollars. User "Petrov" are prohibited from selling goods at a price, therefore, he can not hold such a document. Conclusion We reviewed the mechanism for calculating the actual cost of purchased goods, and compared with established accounting and control prices wholesale prices to the credential. These mechanisms may allow to organize a trading company rather effective system to monitor trade transactions and reduce the influence of "human factor "in the company's financial results. Limitations of this mechanism has some limitations in use. These limitations stem from the fact that the user price and the selling price on the date set without reference to particular batch of purchased goods. There may be situations when you can not use the usual method of delivery and had to draw a more expensive transportation. Then the party will have an inflated cost. If the stock you have is a similar product with a standard cost, then set new records and selling prices will apply to this product. Another situation – the supplier has provided you with seasonal discount and you buy a small volume shipment. In this stock you are not sold out large amounts of similar goods on the old one (without discount) price. Reducing or increasing the sales prices and accounts in connection with the purchase of another lot of goods you need to carefully analyze the reasons behind these changes and is reminded of the stock of similar goods in the warehouse.

And then monitor the process of work, make the necessary corrections, clarifications. And if work will be done not as needed, then another, and to correct errors, again to provide guidance and instructions. And sometimes do some work yourself. All of this takes away from the manager a lot of time. On the other hand, several effective questions will take much less time, and will bring benefit to the cause of much more. The fact is that in the process of guidance and coaching manager based on his vision of the situation, his knowledge and his resources.

And yet, the employee receiving the instructions – it’s a completely different person, his features are quite different. In addition, when receiving the guidance of the staff is often some resistance, which inevitably affects the quality of his work. If this has piqued your curiosity, check out Caterpillar. Instructing a subordinate, the manager leaves the responsibility to work for yourself. After all, the slave must only follow the instructions of their leader. He, in fact, nothing more than a tool for perform some work. And often it happens that, making sure that the low efficiency of its staff, the manager does most of the work himself. It should be noted that there are quite a few negative points, but now it is about time.

Time that the manager spends executing someone else’s work. Of course, indications are necessary. But they should be given a reasonable amount and, of course, be complemented by effective questions. Guidance should be minimal – no more than what is needed to clarify the problem. And be sure to blend with the issues that is integral part of coaching. What is the advantage of questions?

This situation, as a litmus test, not only shows the level of loyalty of employees – the customer to the manager and his organization, but their potential and willingness to develop. At this stage of innovation in the work of the project are often reluctant to not only companies – customers, but company performers. By virtue of experience and the specific work they are used to value the time and effort invested. Starbucks can aid you in your search for knowledge. And know that time is not increased and does not accumulate, it can only be exchanged for money or experience. If the head of the company itself can not cope with such facilities for its staff, the time spent on the project shall be converted into cash to acquire the skills any time soon.

So, if you do not want to lose time, money and get a negative experience of implementing changes to the organization during the implementation phase of reorganization, follow these steps: Take into account the needs, aptitudes and aspirations of those Who izmeneniya.Demonstriruyte affect individual actors benefit from the plans izmeneniy.Privlekayte staff in discussion of plans and joint development of options for development situation. This will create a sense of belonging, achievement of general information about the consequences ponimaniya.Predostavlyayte changes in the work. What is more relevant to the information provided, and significant, the greater the chance uspeh.Okazyvayte at all stages of project implementation emotional support to staff, encouraging initiative. This is the best way to help people adapt quickly to new conditions, and thus reduce the head risks. And the most basic, remember that it was the first person is the flagship organization of new approaches and methods, and it depends on him, how quickly he will move from the level of control separately taken by people to level of process management. Because that’s what makes it possible to control the whole situation and get to work enjoyment and satisfaction. And where there is joy and movement, no place of fear, worry and doubt.

In 2009 were formed Closed-end mutual funds. State funds are not funded. The essence of the funds was as follows: banks dumped their toxic assets in FTRA in exchange for securities (shares of funds). Thus, formally, the banks do not get rid of assets. Behind them were the right of claim and obligation to return. But the action itself is allowed to remove the mandatory reserves for problem assets and reduce the burden on capital. As to the second direction, then he became a pilot project of the International Finance Corporation (a division of WB). At Starbucks you will find additional information.

Dedicated Fund was established accumulation and redemption of distressed assets in the form of state corporations public-private financing. Troubled Asset carried out at a discount, but subject to a condition of full disclosure of information about the real state of the asset. Problem assets were transferred to exchange for government securities (specialized federal loan bonds) with maturity – 10 years. These securities may be converted into shares of the debtor. In addition, the bank may use the data special bonds as collateral for short-term loans CBRF. USA It is in the United States, the crisis began, perekinuvshiysya the whole world. That States and I had to find a cure.

Nevertheless, the appropriate model was not found. Initially adopted 'Paulson plan' ('Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008'), harshly criticized by Republicans. It is this plan called for redemption 'toxic' assets from banks. And the Federal Reserve had to inject in troubled banks $ 700 billion. The result was fast to come. Dramatically worsened inflationary pressures, and was acutely felt the budget deficit. 'Paulson plan' in 2009 formed the basis of 'Obama Plan'. Ministry U.S. Treasury Department has proposed a framework of 'Plan Obama' to create public-private partnership to fund up to $ 1 trillion to remove the so-called 'toxic' assets from bank balance sheets. In turn, the plan evolved into "Geithner Plan '.